![]() This is an area where implementations differ: It is may be possible to highlight different types of items with different colors. -F append a "/" to directory names and a "*" to executable files.-d shows information about a directory or symbolic link, rather than the contents of a directory or the link's target.-o include owner but not group (when combined with -g both group and owner are suppressed).-m Stream format list items across the page, separated by commas.-full-time to show times with seconds and milliseconds instead of down to the minute.-r reverse the order, for example most recent time last.-c sort the list by last attribute (status) change time.-t sort the list by modification time.-R Recursively list items in subdirectories and subdirectories ….Īdditional options controlling how items are displayed include: (e.g., 1K, 234M, 2G, etc.) This option is not part of the POSIX standard, although implemented in several systems, e.g., GNU coreutils in 1997, FreeBSD 4.5 in 2002, and Solaris 9 in 2002. -h output sizes in human readable format.Some implementations add additional flags to permissions. If the modified date is older than 6 months the time is replaced with the year. -l long format, displaying Unix file types, permissions, number of hard links, owner, group, size, last-modified date-time and name.File names specified explicitly (for example ". Using -A shows all names, including hidden names, except for "." and ".". With -a all names, including all hidden names, are shown. Those hidden names are not shown by default. The directory "." refers to the working directory and "." refers to its parent directory. The arguments may contain a multiple files and directories. If a directory is specified, the files in that directory are listed. When invoked without arguments, ls lists the files in the working directory. Unix and Unix-like operating systems maintain the idea of a working directory. It was inherited into the first version of POSIX.1 and the Single Unix Specification. ls is part of the X/Open Portability Guide since issue 2 of 1987. ![]() Check the documentation provided with the command for correct usage and options.Īn ls utility appeared in the first version of AT&T UNIX, the name inherited from a similar command in Multics also named 'ls', short for the word "list". In other environments, such as DOS, OS/2, and Microsoft Windows, similar functionality is provided by the dir command.Īs with most utilities the different implementations have different options. The numerical computing environments MATLAB and GNU Octave include an lsįunction with similar functionality. Or as part of ASCII's MSX-DOS2 Tools for MSX-DOS version 2. It is available in the EFI shell, as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities, It is specified by POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification. ![]() In computing, ls is a command to list computer files and directories in Unix and Unix-like operating systems. ![]() Multics, Unix, Unix-like, Plan 9, Inferno, MSX-DOS Various open-source and commercial developers Long file listing with " ls -color=auto -l" in linux showing various modes, date formats, colors and appended indicators (executables and directories).Ĭoreutils: Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie
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